The Ultimate Unit Converter

About ApexConverter.com

ApexConverter.com is a premier online utility designed to provide fast, accurate, and user-friendly unit conversions across a vast spectrum of categories. Our mission is to be the single, authoritative reference for anyone needing to convert measurements, from students and engineers to scientists and everyday users.

Our entire platform is built upon a meticulously compiled Global Units Master Catalogue, referencing primary sources like BIPM (SI Brochure), NIST, and ISO 80000. This ensures that every conversion is based on standardized, reliable data.

We are committed to maintaining a clean, accessible, and ad-supported platform that respects user privacy while delivering a powerful and essential service.

What is Unit Converter App ?

A Unit Converter App is a tool that converts measurements between different units (e.g., length, weight, temperature, like meters to feet or Celsius to Fahrenheit) for quick and easy calculations.

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ApexConverter Blog

Explore our comprehensive guides on various unit categories. Each article provides background, key concepts, and a full list of units to help you understand the 'what' and 'why' behind the numbers.

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Complete Conversion List

Browse our complete sitemap of all available unit conversions. Find links for every pair, from length and mass to energy and data.

A Guide to Fundamental & Mechanical Units

The world of measurement begins here, with the foundational units that describe the physical reality around us. This essential category, largely defined by the International System of Units (SI), provides the building blocks for nearly all other scientific and engineering calculations. When you measure the length of a room, weigh ingredients for a recipe, or simply check the time, you are interacting with fundamental and mechanical units. They are the universal language used to quantify space, matter, motion, and force.

At ApexConverter.com, we understand that precision in these core units is non-negotiable. Our converters cover the entire spectrum, from the everyday to the highly scientific. You can effortlessly switch between metric and imperial systems, converting meters to feet, kilograms to pounds, or kilometers per hour to miles per hour. But we go deeper, offering conversions for derived units like force (Newtons, pound-force), pressure (Pascals, PSI), and energy (Joules, calories). This ensures that whether you're a student tackling a physics problem, an engineer designing a bridge, or a hobbyist working on a project, you have the accurate data you need. Our tools are built on authoritative sources like NIST and BIPM, guaranteeing that every calculation is both reliable and precise, forming a solid foundation for your work.

Key Sub-Categories:

• Length: Measures distance. Canonical unit: metre (m). Includes units like inches, feet, miles, and even astronomical distances like light-years.
• Mass: Measures the amount of matter in an object. Canonical unit: kilogram (kg). Includes common units like grams, pounds, and ounces.
• Time: Measures the duration between events. Canonical unit: second (s).
• Speed, Force, Pressure, Energy, Power: These are derived units, combining the base units to describe complex concepts like motion and work.

Understanding Electromagnetism & Electronics Units

In our modern world, electricity is the invisible force that powers everything. The units of electromagnetism and electronics provide the framework for understanding and harnessing this power. This category deals with the fundamental concepts that govern every circuit, from the simplest light bulb to the most complex computer processor. Understanding these units is essential for electricians, engineers, and anyone curious about how their devices work. The relationship between voltage, current, and resistance, for example, is the cornerstone of electronics, dictating how power flows and behaves within a system.

Our converters for this category are designed to be intuitive for both professionals and students. You can easily convert between different units of electric current (Amperes), potential difference or voltage (Volts), resistance (Ohms), and electric charge (Coulombs). Need to understand the capacitance of a component in Farads or the inductance in Henries? We have you covered. Each tool is designed for accuracy, allowing you to confidently work through circuit analysis, design projects, or homework assignments. By providing clear, reliable conversions, we empower you to navigate the intricate world of electronics with precision. Whether you're debugging a circuit or exploring the theoretical underpinnings of electromagnetic fields, our converters serve as your trusted guide.

Key Sub-Categories:

• Current (Ampere): The flow of electric charge.
• Voltage (Volt): The potential difference that drives the current.
• Resistance (Ohm): The measure of opposition to current flow.
• Charge, Capacitance: Other fundamental properties essential for designing circuits and electronic components.

Exploring Optical & Photometric Units

Light is more than just what we see; it's a fundamental part of physics. The study of light and its measurement is split into two main areas: radiometry, which measures the absolute power of electromagnetic radiation, and photometry, which measures light in terms of its perceived brightness to the human eye. This distinction is crucial. A heat lamp might emit a lot of energy (radiometric power), but if most of it is infrared, it won't appear very bright (low photometric value). These units are indispensable in fields as diverse as lighting design, photography, astronomy, and display technology.

At ApexConverter.com, we provide tools to navigate this fascinating dual-nature of light. Our photometric converters allow you to translate between key units of perceived light. You can convert the total light output of a bulb from lumens (luminous flux) to the amount of light falling on a surface in lux (illuminance). Understanding these conversions is key to creating well-lit spaces, calibrating camera settings for the perfect exposure, or comparing the brightness of different screens. By focusing on the most practical and widely-used photometric units, we give you the ability to quantify and work with light effectively, ensuring your projects are not just functional, but also visually optimized for the human experience.

Key Sub-Categories:

• Luminous Flux (Lumen): Measures the total amount of visible light emitted by a source.
• Illuminance (Lux): Measures the amount of light falling on a surface.

The Science of Acoustics & Vibration Units

From the gentle hum of a refrigerator to the roar of a jet engine, sound and vibration are constant parts of our environment. Acoustics is the branch of physics that studies these mechanical waves as they travel through air, water, or solid materials. The units in this category allow us to measure the key properties of sound, most notably its pitch, which is determined by frequency. A high-frequency sound wave results in a high-pitched sound, while a low-frequency wave creates a low-pitched sound. These measurements are the foundation of audio engineering, music production, architectural design, and mechanical analysis.

Our converter for this category focuses on frequency, the most fundamental unit in acoustics. Measured in Hertz (Hz), it represents the number of cycles a wave completes in one second. We provide a straightforward tool to convert between Hertz, kilohertz (kHz), megahertz (MHz), and gigahertz (GHz). This is crucial for audio professionals working with different sample rates, radio engineers tuning transmitters and receivers, and scientists studying wave phenomena across a vast range of scales. While the broader field of acoustics includes complex logarithmic scales for loudness like decibels, our frequency converter provides a solid, precise starting point for anyone working with the core element of sound and vibration: the wave itself.

Key Sub-Categories:

• Frequency (Hertz): Measures the number of wave cycles per second, determining the pitch of a sound.

A Guide to Thermal & Heat Transfer Units

Heat is one of the most fundamental forms of energy, and its measurement is crucial to countless aspects of our lives, from meteorology and cooking to industrial engineering and climate science. The most common measure in this category is temperature, which quantifies the degree of hotness or coldness of an object. It's a macroscopic reflection of the average kinetic energy of the atoms and molecules within a system. Understanding the different temperature scales—and how to convert between them—is a basic requirement for scientific literacy and many practical tasks.

The centerpiece of our thermal conversion tools is the temperature converter. It allows for seamless and accurate conversions between the three major scales: Celsius, Fahrenheit, and Kelvin. The Celsius scale is part of the metric system and is used globally in science and by most countries. The Fahrenheit scale remains in common use primarily in the United States. The Kelvin scale is the absolute temperature scale used in scientific equations, where 0 K represents absolute zero, the point at which all thermal motion ceases. Whether you're converting a recipe's baking temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit, a weather report, or a scientific data point into Kelvin, our tool provides instant and precise results, ensuring you always have the right measurement for your context.

Key Sub-Categories:

• Temperature: A fundamental property of matter. Measured in Kelvin (SI), Celsius, and Fahrenheit.

Decoding Chemical & Material Units

Chemistry is the science of matter and its transformations, but dealing with individual atoms and molecules is impossible on a practical scale. To bridge the gap between the microscopic atomic world and the macroscopic world of the laboratory, chemists use a special unit: the mole. The mole is the SI unit for the "amount of substance" and represents a specific number of particles (approximately 6.022 x 10²³), known as Avogadro's number. This allows scientists to work with chemical quantities in convenient gram-scale amounts while knowing the exact ratios of the atoms involved.

Our converters for the Chemical & Material category are designed to assist students and professionals in this essential task. We provide tools to convert between the mole and its common subdivisions, like the millimole. Furthermore, we offer a converter for concentration, a critical concept in chemistry that describes the amount of a substance (solute) dissolved in a certain volume of another substance (solvent). You can easily convert between molarity (moles per liter), the most common unit of concentration in chemistry, and the SI standard of moles per cubic meter. These tools are indispensable for preparing solutions, calculating yields in chemical reactions, and performing a wide range of quantitative analyses in any chemistry-related field.

Key Sub-Categories:

• Amount of Substance (Mole): The SI base unit for counting entities like atoms or molecules. One mole contains approximately 6.022 x 10²³ entities.
• Concentration (Molarity): Measures the amount of a substance dissolved in a certain volume of another substance.

Understanding Radiation & Radioactivity

The study of radiation and radioactivity involves units that, while not common in daily life, are critically important in fields like medicine, nuclear energy, geology, and public safety. These measurements allow us to quantify the behavior of unstable atomic nuclei and the effects of the energy they release. It's essential to distinguish between the activity of a radioactive source and the dose of radiation absorbed by a person or object, as they are measured with different units and have very different implications.

At ApexConverter.com, we provide clear and accurate tools for converting between the most important units in this specialized field. Our radioactivity converter handles the Becquerel (Bq), the SI unit representing one nuclear decay per second, and the Curie (Ci), an older, larger unit still used in many contexts. For measuring the effects of radiation, our absorbed dose converter translates between the Gray (Gy), the SI unit representing one joule of energy absorbed per kilogram of mass, and the rad, its historical predecessor. Having access to these precise conversions is vital for healthcare professionals in radiation therapy, technicians in the nuclear industry, and scientists who rely on radiological data, ensuring safety and accuracy in their work.

Key Sub-Categories:

• Radioactivity (Becquerel): Measures the rate at which a radioactive source decays.
• Absorbed Dose (Gray): Quantifies the energy deposited by radiation in a given mass of material.

A Guide to Information & Computing Units

In the digital age, data is the new currency. The units of information and computing are the language we use to measure this data, from the smallest text file to vast cloud storage systems. The most fundamental unit is the 'bit' (a binary digit, either 0 or 1), but for practical purposes, we almost always work with the 'byte', which is a group of 8 bits. As the amount of data grew, prefixes were needed to describe larger quantities, but this led to a point of common confusion that our converter is designed to solve.

There are two systems for data prefixes: decimal (base-10) and binary (base-2). Hard drive manufacturers often use the decimal system, where a kilobyte (KB) is 1000 bytes and a megabyte (MB) is 1,000,000 bytes. However, computer operating systems typically use the binary system, where a kibibyte (KiB) is 1024 bytes and a mebibyte (MiB) is 1,048,576 bytes. This discrepancy is why a 1 terabyte (TB) hard drive often shows up as only 931 gibibytes (GiB) in your computer. Our Data Storage converter allows you to seamlessly switch between these two systems, converting KB to KiB, MB to MiB, and so on. This tool is invaluable for IT professionals, software developers, and any computer user who wants to understand exactly how much storage space they have and how it's being measured.

Key Sub-Categories:

• Data Storage: Measures digital information. The base unit is the byte (8 bits). Prefixes like kilo-, mega-, and giga- denote size.

Navigating Currency & Financial Units

The world of finance is built on a precise set of units for measuring value, expressing change, and calculating risk. While not part of the SI system, these units are a universal language for trade, investment, and economic analysis. The most familiar of these are national currencies, such as the US Dollar, Euro, or Japanese Yen. Their value relative to one another is determined by constantly changing exchange rates in the global foreign exchange market. Accurately converting between currencies is a daily necessity for international business, travelers, and investors.

Beyond currencies, finance relies heavily on dimensionless units to describe relative changes. The most common is the 'percent' (%), which simply means "per hundred." It's used for everything from interest rates to investment returns. For even finer measurements, especially in the context of interest rates and bond yields, the industry uses 'basis points' (bps). A basis point is one-hundredth of one percent (1 bp = 0.01%). Using basis points helps avoid ambiguity when discussing small changes in rates. Our financial converters provide clear, easy-to-use tools for all these units. While our currency tool uses fixed daily rates for illustrative purposes, our percentage and basis point converters offer mathematical precision for any calculation, making them essential for students, investors, and financial professionals.

Key Sub-Categories:

• Currency: A medium of exchange for goods and services. Exchange rates define their relative value.
• Percentage & Basis Points: Used to describe fractional changes. A basis point is one-hundredth of a percent (0.01%).

Understanding Time & Calendrical Units

Time is a fundamental dimension of our universe, and while its official SI base unit is the second, our daily lives are governed by a more complex calendrical system of days, months, and years. In the world of computing, however, a more precise and standardized method is needed to avoid ambiguity with time zones, daylight saving, and leap years. This is where Unix time comes in. It is a system for describing a point in time, defined as the total number of seconds that have elapsed since a specific moment known as the Unix epoch.

The Unix epoch is 00:00:00 UTC on January 1, 1970. By representing time as a single, ever-increasing integer, computer systems can perform date and time calculations easily and unambiguously. It is the silent backbone of file timestamps, database entries, and server logs across a vast majority of the world's digital infrastructure. Our Unix Time converter is a powerful tool for software developers, system administrators, and digital forensics experts who frequently need to translate these long integer timestamps into a human-readable date and time, and vice versa. Whether you're debugging a piece of code, analyzing data, or simply curious about what a specific timestamp means, our converter provides a quick and accurate bridge between machine time and human time.

Key Sub-Categories:

• Unix Time: The number of seconds that have elapsed since January 1, 1970 (UTC). A standard for timekeeping in computer systems.

A Guide to Angle & Geometric Units

Angles are a cornerstone of geometry, engineering, navigation, and physics, providing a way to measure rotation and describe the shape of objects. The most commonly known unit for measuring angles is the degree (°), where a full circle is divided into 360 degrees. This system, inherited from ancient Babylonian astronomy, is convenient for many practical applications. Degrees are further divided into smaller units for higher precision: an arcminute is 1/60th of a degree, and an arcsecond is 1/60th of an arcminute. These fine divisions are essential in fields like astronomy and cartography for pinpointing locations on a celestial sphere or a map.

However, in mathematics and the physical sciences, the more natural and fundamental unit for an angle is the radian (rad). A radian is defined by the arc of a circle: one radian is the angle at the center of a circle for which the arc length is equal to the radius. This direct link between angle and length makes radians far more convenient for calculus and physics equations. A full circle is equal to 2π radians. Our angle converter is designed to bridge these two worlds seamlessly. It allows you to instantly convert values between radians, degrees, arcminutes, and arcseconds, ensuring you can move between practical, everyday measurements and the fundamental equations of science with ease and accuracy.

Key Sub-Categories:

• Angle (Radian, Degree): Measures rotation. Radians are in higher mathematics, while degrees (and their subdivisions, arcminutes and arcseconds) are common in mapping and astronomy.

Navigating Transport & Navigation Units

When traveling across the vastness of the world's oceans and skies, standard land-based units like kilometers or miles can be inconvenient. For this reason, the fields of maritime and aviation have long used a specialized set of units that are intrinsically linked to the geometry of our planet. These units provide a consistent and universal language for pilots and ship captains, ensuring safety and precision in navigation regardless of their location. The core of this system is the nautical mile and its associated unit of speed, the knot.

Unlike a statute mile, the nautical mile is based directly on the Earth's circumference. It is defined as one minute of arc along any meridian. Because the Earth is approximately a sphere, this unit is incredibly useful for longitude and latitude calculations. The unit of speed in this system is the knot, which is simply defined as one nautical mile per hour. Our Nautical Speed converter is an essential tool for sailors, pilots, meteorologists, and enthusiasts who need to translate between this specialized system and more common units of speed. You can effortlessly convert knots to kilometers per hour (km/h), meters per second (m/s), or miles per hour (mph), making it easy to understand navigational charts, weather reports, and vessel speeds in any context.

Key Sub-Categories:

• Nautical Speed (Knot): The unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour. A nautical mile is based on the circumference of the Earth.

Exploring Astronomy & Geodesy Units

The scale of the cosmos is almost beyond human comprehension. The distances between planets, stars, and galaxies are so immense that using standard units like kilometers or miles results in unwieldy and cumbersome numbers. To make these cosmic scales more manageable, astronomers have developed a set of units that relate directly to the objects they study. These units provide a more intuitive frame of reference for understanding the structure of our solar system and the universe beyond. The same principle applies to mass, where comparing celestial bodies to our own Sun or Earth is more practical than using kilograms.

Our converter for Astronomical Mass provides a simple tool for grasping the incredible scale of celestial objects. It allows you to convert between the two most common reference points for mass in astronomy: Solar Mass (M☉) and Earth Mass (M⊕). The Solar Mass is the mass of our Sun, and it is the standard unit used to describe the masses of other stars, star clusters, nebulae, and galaxies. The Earth Mass is used as a convenient unit for measuring the masses of other planets, both within our solar system and orbiting other stars (exoplanets). This tool is perfect for students, educators, and astronomy enthusiasts who want to quickly understand the relative size of cosmic discoveries reported in the news or in scientific papers.

Key Sub-Categories:

• Astronomical Mass: Often measured in Solar Mass (the mass of our sun) or Earth Mass.

Units of Industry & Trade

While standardized systems like SI are essential for global science, many specific industries have developed their own unique units of measurement over time. These domain-specific units are tailored to the materials and processes of a particular trade, providing a convenient and historical shorthand for professionals in that field. The textile industry is a prime example, with a rich history of specialized units used to define the properties of threads and fibers. Understanding these units is key to manufacturing, design, and quality control within the world of fabrics.

One of the most important properties of a fiber is its linear mass density—essentially, how heavy it is for a given length. Our Textile Density converter focuses on two of the most prevalent units for this measurement: Tex and Denier. Tex is a metric unit, defined as the mass in grams per 1,000 meters of fiber. It's a direct system, meaning a higher Tex value corresponds to a heavier, thicker yarn. Denier is an older unit, defined as the mass in grams per 9,000 meters of fiber. It is also a direct system. This-tool is an invaluable tool for textile engineers, fashion designers, and material scientists who need to accurately compare different types of yarn and fabric, ensuring their materials meet the precise specifications required for their products.

Key Sub-Categories:

• Textile Density (Tex, Denier): Measures the linear mass density of fibers. Tex is the mass in grams of 1,000 meters of fiber.

Understanding Miscellaneous & Dimensionless Units

Not all measurements have units like meters, kilograms, or seconds attached to them. Some of the most useful quantities in science and engineering are dimensionless, meaning they are pure numbers or ratios. These units are powerful because they express proportions and concentrations in a way that is independent of any specific system of measurement. They provide a universal way to compare values, whether you are working with metric, imperial, or any other system. These are the units of "how much" relative to a whole.

This category covers the most common dimensionless units used for expressing fractions and concentrations. The most familiar is the 'percent' (%), which literally means "per hundred" and represents a fraction of 100. For describing much smaller concentrations, scientists use parts-per-million (ppm), parts-per-billion (ppb), and even parts-per-trillion (ppt). These are crucial in environmental science for measuring pollutants in the air and water, in chemistry for describing the purity of a substance, and in engineering for defining material tolerances. Our converter allows you to effortlessly switch between these different ratio-based units, providing clarity and precision when dealing with the very large and the very small, making it a vital tool for scientists, engineers, and researchers.

Key Sub-Categories:

• Ratios (Percent, PPM, PPB): Expresses a fraction of a whole. Percent (%) means per hundred, parts-per-million (ppm) means per million, and so on.

A Look at Historical & Domain-Specific Units

Long before the global adoption of the metric system, civilizations across the world developed their own systems of measurement. These units were often practical and relatable, based on things like human anatomy, agriculture, or common objects. While most have been superseded by standardized units for the sake of scientific and commercial consistency, they offer a fascinating window into the history of trade, culture, and technology. Exploring these historical units is not just an academic exercise; it helps us appreciate the journey toward the precise, interconnected world we live in today.

Our Historical Length converter celebrates this rich history by providing conversions for some of these unique units. For example, the 'cubit' is one of the earliest recorded units of length, used by ancient Egyptians, Romans, and other cultures. It was typically based on the length of the forearm from the elbow to the tip of the middle finger. On the more modern and whimsical end of the spectrum is the 'smoot', a unit of length famously created in 1958 by MIT students, who used their fraternity pledge, Oliver Smoot, as a human ruler to measure the Harvard Bridge. Our tool allows you to convert these historical and domain-specific lengths into modern metric or imperial units, making it perfect for historians, students, and anyone curious about the diverse ways humanity has sought to measure the world.

Key Sub-Categories:

• Historical Length (Cubit, Smoot): The cubit was an ancient unit based on the length of the forearm. The smoot is a more modern, whimsical unit of length created at MIT.